How Long Do You Have To Get An Abortion

How long have you (been) ... ?

Изучите следующую ситуацию:

Dan and Jenny are married. (состоят в браке) They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary.

They have been married for 20 years. (состоят в браке 20 лет)

Мы говорим: They are married. (present)

но

How long have they been married? (present perfect)

(not

~~How long are they married?~~

)

They have been married for 20 years.

(not

~~They are married for 20 years~~

)

Как вы могли заметить, русская фраза 'состоят в браке' на английском обозначается разными временами в зависимости от наличия промежутка времени.

Мы используем present perfect, говоря о чем-либо, начавшемся в прошлом и продолжающемся в настоящем. Сравните the present и the present perfect:

Bill is in hospital.

но

He has been in hospital since Monday.
(not ~~Bill is in hospital since Monday~~)

Do you know each other well?

но

Have you known each other for a long time?
(not ~~Do you know~~)

She's waiting for somebody.

но

She's been waiting all morning.

Do they have a car?

но

How long have they had their car?

I have known/had/lived etc. это the present perfect simple.
I have been learning / been waiting / been doing etc. это the present perfect continuous.

Когда мы спрашиваем или говорим 'how long', мы обычно используем continuous (см. урок 10):

I've been learning English for six months.
It's been raining since lunchtime.
Richard has been doing the same job for 20 years.
'How long have you been driving?' 'Since I was 17.'

Некоторые глаголы (например, know/like/believe) обычно не используются в continuous:

How long have you known Jane? (not ~~have you been knowing~~)
I've had a pain in my stomach all day. (not ~~I've been having~~)

См. также урок 4A и урок 10C. О глаголе have, см. урок 17.

С глаголами live и work вы можете использовать как present perfect continuous, так и present perfect simple:

Julia has been living / has lived in Paris for a long time.
How long have you been working / have you worked here?

Но с always мы используем simple (I've lived / I've done и др.):

I've always lived in the country. (not ~~always been living~~)

Мы говорим 'I haven't done something since/for ...' (present perfect simple):

I haven't seen Tom since Monday. (= последний раз я видел его в понедельник)
Sue hasn't phoned for ages. (= последний раз она звонила 'сто лет назад')

Упражнения

1. Находятся ли подчеркнутые глаголы в правильной грамматической форме? Исправьте, если необходимо.

1. Bob is a friend of mine.

I know him

very well.

2. Bob is a friend of mine.

I know him

for a long time.

3. Sue and Alan

are married

since July.

4. The weather is awful.

It's raining

again.

5. The weather is awful.

It's raining

all day.

6. I like your house. How long

are you living

there?

7. Gary

is working

in a shop for the last few months.

I don't know

Tim well. We've only met a few times.

9. I gave up drinking coffee. I

don't drink

it for a year.

10. That's a very old bike. How long

do you have

it?

Key

2. Прочитайте ситуации и напишите вопросы, используя слова в скобках.

John tells you that his mother is in hospital. You ask him:
(how long / be / in hospital?)
You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her:
(how long / teach / English?)
You know that Jane is a good friend of Caroline's. You ask Jane:
(how long / know / Caroline?)
Your friend's brother went to Australia some time ago and he's still there. You ask your friend:
(how long / be / in Australia?)

Key

Tim always wears the same jacket. It's a very old jacket. You ask him:
(how long / have / that jacket?)
You are talking to a friend about Joe. Joe now works at the airport. You ask your friend:
(how long / work / at the airport?)
A friend of yours is learning to drive. You ask him:
(how long / learn / to drive?)
You meet somebody on a plane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her:
(always / live / in Chicago?)

Key

3. Закончите ответы B на вопросы A.

A: Bill is in hospital, isn't he?
B: Yes, he in hospital since Monday.
A: Do you see Ann very often?
B: No, I her for three months.
A: Is Margaret married?
B: Yes, she married for ten years.
A: Are you waiting for me?
B: Yes, I for the last half hour.
A: You know Linda, don't you?
B: Yes, we each other a long time.
A: Do you still play tennis?
B: No, I tennis for years.
A: Is Jim watching TV?
B: Yes, he TV all evening.
A: Do you watch TV a lot?
B: No, I TV for ages.

Key

A: Have you got a headache?
B: Yes, I a headache all morning.
A: George is never ill, is he?
B: No, he ill since I've known him.
A: Are you feeling ill?
B: Yes, I ill all day.
A: Sue lives in London, doesn't she?
B: Yes, she in London for the last few years.
A: Do you go to the cinema a lot?
B: No, I to the cinema for ages.
A: Would you like to go to New York one day?
B: Yes, I to go to New York. (используйте always / want)